World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s, it focused on loans to developing world countries, shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, as well as environmental and social safeguards., the World Bank is run by a president and 25 executive directors, as well as 29 various vice presidents. IBRD and IDA have 189 and 174 member countries, respectively. The U.S., Japan, China, Germany and the U.K. have the most voting power. The bank aims loans at developing countries to help reduce poverty. The bank is engaged in several global partnerships and initiatives, and takes a role in working toward addressing climate change. The World Bank operates a number of training wings, and it works with the Clean Air Initiative and the UN Development Business. It works within the Open Data Initiative and hosts an Open Knowledge Repository.
The World Bank has been criticized as promoting inflation and harming economic development, causing protests in 1988 and 2000. There has also been criticism of the bank's governance and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The president David Malpass faced strong criticism as he challenged the scientific consensus on climate change. He was replaced by Ajay Banga, supporting climate action. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by THE WORLD BANK
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2by THE WORLD BANK
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3by WORLD BANK GROUP
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4by WORLD BANK GROUP
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5Published 1988“…World Bank…”
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7by Rimmer, Douglas“…World Bank…”
Published 1992
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8Published 1977“…World Bank…”
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10Published 1963“…World Bank…”
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11by Brown, Maxwell L., 1931-“…World Bank…”
Published 1979
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12Published 1987“…World Bank…”
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13Published 1993“…World Bank…”
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14Published 1986“…World Bank…”
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15Published 1997“…World Bank…”
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16Published 1997“…World Bank…”
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17by Warford, Jeremy J.“…World Bank…”
Published 1997
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19by Moser, Caroline O. N.“…World Bank…”
Published 2001
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20Published 1973“…World Bank…”
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