Food webs and biodiversity : foundations, models, data

Food webs and biodiversity : foundations, models, data /

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Rossberg, Axel G., 1969-
Corporate Author: Ebooks Corporation
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Chichester, West Sussex, UK : Wiley Blackwell, 2013.
Subjects:
Biodiversity.
Food chains (Ecology)
Ecology > Mathematical models.
Online Access:Connect to this title online (unlimited simultaneous users allowed; 325 uses per year)

MARC

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100 1 |a Rossberg, Axel G.,  |d 1969- 
245 1 0 |a Food webs and biodiversity :  |b foundations, models, data /  |c Axel G. Rossberg. 
264 1 |a Chichester, West Sussex, UK :  |b Wiley Blackwell,  |c 2013. 
300 |a 1 online resource (xx, 376 pages) 
336 |a text  |b txt  |2 rdacontent 
337 |a computer  |b c  |2 rdamedia 
338 |a online resource  |b cr  |2 rdacarrier 
533 |a Electronic reproduction.  |b Perth, W.A.  |n Available via World Wide Web. 
588 |a Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on September 10, 2013). 
505 0 0 |a Machine generated contents note:   |g pt. I   |t Preliminaries --   |g 1.  |t Introduction --   |g 2.  |t Models and Theories --   |g 2.1.  |t usefulness of models --   |g 2.2.  |t What models should model --   |g 2.3.  |t possibility of ecological theory --   |g 2.4.  |t Theory-driven ecological research --   |g 3.  |t Some Basic Concepts --   |g 3.1.  |t Basic concepts of food-web studies --   |g 3.2.  |t Physical quantities and dimensions --   |g pt. II   |t Elements of Food-Web Models --   |g 4.  |t Energy and Biomass Budgets --   |g 4.1.  |t Currencies of accounting --   |g 4.2.  |t Rates and efficiencies --   |g 4.3.  |t Energy budgets in food webs --   |g 5.  |t Allometric Scaling Relationships Between Body Size and Physiological Rates --   |g 5.1.  |t Scales and scaling --   |g 5.2.  |t Allometric scaling --   |g 6.  |t Population Dynamics --   |g 6.1.  |t Basic considerations --   |g 6.1.1.  |t Exponential population growth --   |g 6.1.2.  |t Five complications --   |g 6.1.3.  |t Environmental variability --   |g 6.2.  |t Structured populations and density-dependence --   |g 6.2.1.  |t dilemma between species and stages --   |g 6.2.2.  |t Explicitly stage-structured population dynamics --   |g 6.2.3.  |t Communities of structured populations --   |g 6.3.  |t Quasi-Neutral Approximation --   |g 6.3.1.  |t emergence of food webs --   |g 6.3.2.  |t Rana catesbeiana and its resources --   |g 6.3.3.  |t Numerical test of the approximation --   |g 6.4.  |t Reproductive value --   |g 6.4.1.  |t concept of reproductive value --   |g 6.4.2.  |t role of reproductive value in the QNA --   |g 6.4.3.  |t Body mass as a proxy for reproductive value --   |g 7.  |t From Trophic Interactions to Trophic Link Strengths --   |g 7.1.  |t Functional and numerical responses --   |g 7.2.  |t Three models for functional responses --   |g 7.2.1.  |t Linear response --   |g 7.2.2.  |t Type II response --   |g 7.2.3.  |t Type II response with prey switching --   |g 7.2.4.  |t Strengths and weaknesses of these models --   |g 7.3.  |t Food webs as networks of trophic link strengths --   |g 7.3.1.  |t ontology of trophic link strengths --   |g 7.3.2.  |t Variability of trophic link strengths --   |g 8.  |t Tropic Niche Space and Trophic Traits --   |g 8.1.  |t Topology and dimensionality of trophic niche space --   |g 8.1.1.  |t Formal setting --   |g 8.1.2.  |t Definition of trophic niche-space dimensionality --   |g 8.2.  |t Examples and ecological interpretations --   |g 8.2.1.  |t minimal example --   |g 8.2.2.  |t Is the definition of dimensionality reasonable? --   |g 8.2.3.  |t Dependencies between vulnerability and foraging traits of a species --   |g 8.2.4.  |t range of phenotypes considered affects niche-space dimensionality --   |g 8.3.  |t Determination of trophic niche-space dimensionality --   |g 8.3.1.  |t Typical empirical data --   |g 8.3.2.  |t Direct estimation of dimensionality --   |g 8.3.3.  |t Iterative estimation of dimensionality --   |g 8.4.  |t Identification of trophic traits --   |g 8.4.1.  |t Formal setting --   |g 8.4.2.  |t Dimensional reduction --   |g 8.5.  |t geometry of trophic niche space --   |g 8.5.1.  |t Abstract trophic traits --   |g 8.5.2.  |t Indeterminacy in abstract trophic traits --   |g 8.5.3.  |t D-dimensional niche space as a pseudo-Euclidean space --   |g 8.5.4.  |t Linear transformations of abstract trophic traits --   |g 8.5.5.  |t Non-linear transformations of abstract trophic traits --   |g 8.5.6.  |t Standardization and interpretation of abstract trophic traits --   |g 8.5.7.  |t hypothesis and a convention --   |g 8.5.8.  |t Getting oriented in trophic niche space --   |g 8.6.  |t Conclusions --   |g 9.  |t Community Turnover and Evolution --   |g 9.1.  |t spatial scale of interest --   |g 9.2.  |t How communities evolve --   |g 9.3.  |t mutation-for-dispersion trick --   |g 9.4.  |t Mutation-for-dispersion in a neutral food-web model --   |g 10.  |t Population-Dynamical Matching Model --   |g pt. III   |t Mechanisms and Processes --   |g 11.  |t Basic Characterizations of Link-Strength Distributions --   |g 11.1.  |t Modelling the distribution of logarithmic link strengths --   |g 11.1.1.  |t General normally distributed trophic traits --   |g 11.1.2.  |t Isotropically distributed trophic traits --   |g 11.2.  |t High-dimensional trophic niche spaces --   |g 11.2.1.  |t Understanding link stengths in high-dimensional trophic niche spaces --   |g 11.2.2.  |t Log-normal probability distributions --   |g 11.2.3.  |t limit of log-normally distributed trophic link strength --   |g 11.2.4.  |t Correlations between trophic link strengths --   |g 11.2.5.  |t distribution of the strengths of observable links --   |g 11.2.6.  |t probability of observing links (connectance) --   |g 11.2.7.  |t Estimation of link-strength spread and Pareto exponent --   |g 11.2.8.  |t Empirical examples --   |g 12.  |t Diet Partitioning --   |g 12.1.  |t diet partitioning function --   |g 12.1.1.  |t Relation to the probability distribution of diet proportions --   |g 12.1.2.  |t Another probabilistic interpretation of the DPF --   |g 12.1.3.  |t normalization property of the DPF --   |g 12.1.4.  |t Empirical determination of the DPF --   |g 12.2.  |t Modelling the DPF --   |g 12.2.1.  |t Formal setting --   |g 12.2.2.  |t Diet ratios --   |g 12.2.3.  |t DPF for high-dimensional trophic niche spaces --   |g 12.2.4.  |t Gini-Simpson dietary diversity --   |g 12.2.5.  |t Dependence of the DPF on niche-space dimensionality --   |g 12.3.  |t Comparison with data --   |g 12.4.  |t Conclusions --   |g 13.  |t Multivariate Link-Strength Distributions and Phylogenetic Patterns --   |g 13.1.  |t Modelling phylogenetic structure in trophic traits --   |g 13.1.1.  |t Phylogenetic correlations among logarithmic link strengths --   |g 13.1.2.  |t Phylogenetic correlations among link strengths --   |g 13.1.3.  |t Phylogenetic patterns in binary food webs --   |g 13.2.  |t matching model --   |g 13.2.1.  |t simple model for phylogenetic structure in food webs --   |g 13.2.2.  |t Definition of the matching model --   |g 13.2.3.  |t Sampling steady-state matching model food webs --   |g 13.2.4.  |t Alternatives to the matching model --   |g 13.3.  |t Characteristics of phylogenetically structured food webs --   |g 13.3.1.  |t Graphical representation of food-web topologies --   |g 13.3.2.  |t Standard parameter values --   |g 13.3.3.  |t Intervality --   |g 13.3.4.  |t Intervality and trophic niche-space dimensionality --   |g 13.3.5.  |t Degree distributions --   |g 13.3.6.  |t Other phylogenetic patterns --   |g 13.3.7.  |t Is phylogeny just a nuisance? --   |g 14.  |t Framework Theory for Community Assembly --   |g 14.1.  |t Ecological communities as dynamical systems --   |g 14.2.  |t Existence, positivity, stability, and permanence --   |g 14.3.  |t Generic bifurcations in community dynamics and their ecological phenomenology --   |g 14.3.1.  |t General concepts --   |g 14.3.2.  |t Saddle-node bifurcations --   |g 14.3.3.  |t Hopf bifurcations --   |g 14.3.4.  |t Transcritical bifurcations --   |g 14.3.5.  |t Bifurcations of complicated attractors --   |g 14.4.  |t Comparison with observations --   |g 14.4.1.  |t Extirpations and invasions proceed slowly --   |g 14.4.2.  |t logistic equation works quite well --   |g 14.4.3.  |t IUCN Red-List criteria highlight specific extinction scenarios --   |g 14.4.4.  |t Conclusion --   |g 14.5.  |t Invasion fitness and harvesting resistance --   |g 14.5.1.  |t Invasion fitness --   |g 14.5.2.  |t Harvesting resistance: definition --   |g 14.5.3.  |t Harvesting resistance: interpretation --   |g 14.5.4.  |t Harvesting resistance: computation --   |g 14.5.5.  |t Interpretation of h [→] 0 --   |g 14.6.  |t Community assembly and stochastic species packing --   |g 14.6.1.  |t Community saturation and species packing --   |g 14.6.2.  |t Invasion probability --   |g 14.6.3.  |t steady-state distribution of harvesting resistance --   |g 14.6.4.  |t scenario of stochastic species packing --   |g 14.6.5.  |t numerical example --   |g 14.6.6.  |t Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning --   |g 15.  |t Competition in Food Webs --   |g 15.1.  |t Basic concepts --   |g 15.1.1.  |t Modes of competition --   |g 15.1.2.  |t Interactions in communities --   |g 15.2.  |t Competition in two-level food webs --   |g 15.2.1.  |t Lotka-Volterra two-level food-web model --   |g 15.2.2.  |t Computation of the equilibrium point --   |g 15.2.3.  |t Direct competition among producers --   |g 15.2.4.  |t Resource-mediated competition in two-level food webs --   |g 15.2.5.  |t Consumer-mediated competition in two-level food webs --   |g 15.3.  |t Competition in arbitrary food webs --   |g 15.3.1.  |t general Lotka-Volterra food-web model --   |g 15.3.2.  |t competition matrix for general food webs --   |g 15.3.3.  |t L-R-P formalism --   |g 15.3.4.  |t Ecological interpretations of the matrices L, R, and P --   |g 15.3.5.  |t Formal computation of the equilibrium point --   |g 15.3.6.  |t Consumer-mediated competition in general food webs --   |g 15.3.7.  |t Consumer-mediated competitive exclusion --   |g 15.3.8.  |t Conclusions --   |g 16.  |t Mean-Field Theory of Resource-Mediated Competition --   |g 16.1.  |t Transition to scaled variables --   |g 16.1.1.  |t competitive overlap matrix --   |g 16.1.2.  |t Free abundances --   |g 16.2.  |t extended mean-field theory of competitive exclusion --   |g 16.2.1.  |t Assumptions --   |g 16.2.2.  |t Separation of means and residuals --   |g 16.2.3.  |t Mean-field theory for the mean scaled abundance --   |g 16.2.4.  |t Mean-field theory for the variance of scaled abundance --   |g 16.2.5.  |t coefficient of variation of scaled abundance --   |g 16.2.6.  |t Related theories --   |g 17.  |t Resource-Mediated Competition and Assembly --   |g 17.1.  |t Preparation --   |g 17.1.1.  |t Scaled vs. unscaled variables and parameters --   |g 17.1.2.  |t Mean-field vs framework theory --   |g 17.2.  |t Stochastic species packing under asymmetric competition --   |g 17.2.1.  |t Species richness and distribution of invasion fitness (Part I) --   |g 17.2.2.  |t Community response to invasion --   |g 17.2.3.  |t Sensitivity of residents to invaders --   |g 17.2.4.  |t Species richness and distribution of invasion fitness (Part II) --   |g 17.2.5.  |t Random walks of abundances driven by invasions --   |g 17.2.6.  |t Further discussion of the scenario --   |g 17.3.  |t Stochastic species packing with competition symmetry --   |g 17.3.1.  |t Community assembly with perfectly symmetric competition --   |g 17.3.2.  |t Community assembly under nearly perfectly symmetric competition --   |g 17.3.3.  |t Outline of mechanism limiting competition avoidance --   |g 17.3.4.  |t distribution of invasion fitness --   |g 17.3.5.  |t Competition between residents and invaders --   |g 17.3.6.  |t Balance of scaled biomass during assembly --   |g 17.3.7.  |t Competition avoidance --   |g 17.3.8.  |t Numerical test of the theory --   |g 18.  |t Random-Matrix Competition Theory --   |g 18.1.  |t Asymmetric competition --   |g 18.1.1.  |t Girko's Law -- 
505 0 0 |a Contents note continued:   |g 18.1.2.  |t Application to competitive overlap matrices --   |g 18.1.3.  |t Implications for sensitivity to invaders --   |g 18.1.4.  |t Relation to mean-field theory --   |g 18.2.  |t Stability vs feasibility limits to species richness --   |g 18.2.1.  |t result of May (1972) --   |g 18.2.2.  |t Comparison of stability and feasibility criteria --   |g 18.3.  |t Partially and fully symmetric competition --   |g 18.4.  |t Sparse overlap matrices --   |g 18.4.1.  |t Sparse competition --   |g 18.4.2.  |t Eigenvalue distributions for sparse matrices --   |g 18.5.  |t Resource overlap matrices --   |g 18.5.1.  |t Diffuse resource competition --   |g 18.5.2.  |t Sparse resource competition: the basic problem --   |g 18.5.3.  |t effect of trophic niche-space geometry --   |g 18.5.4.  |t Competition among highly specialized consumers --   |g 18.5.5.  |t Resource competition for varying ratios of producer to consumer richness --   |g 18.5.6.  |t Competition for competing resources --   |g 18.6.  |t Comparison with data --   |g 18.6.1.  |t Gall-inducing insects on plants --   |g 18.6.2.  |t Freshwater ecosystems --   |g 18.6.3.  |t North Sea --   |g 18.6.4.  |t Conclusions --   |g 19.  |t Species Richness, Size and Trophic Level --   |g 19.1.  |t Predator-prey mass ratios --   |g 19.2.  |t Modelling the joint distribution of size, trophic level, and species richness --   |g 19.2.1.  |t Initial considerations --   |g 19.2.2.  |t Model definition --   |g 19.2.3.  |t Model simulation and comparison with data --   |g 20.  |t Consumer-Mediated Competition and Assembly --   |g 20.1.  |t two-level food-web assembly model --   |g 20.2.  |t Analytic characterization of the model steady state --   |g 20.2.1.  |t Mechanism controlling producer richness --   |g 20.2.2.  |t Other characteristics of the model steady state --   |g 20.3.  |t Dependence of invader impacts on dietary diversity --   |g 20.3.1.  |t Formal setting --   |g 20.3.2.  |t Invadibility condition --   |g 20.3.3.  |t Extirpation of resources during invasion --   |g 20.3.4.  |t Extirpation of resources through consumer-mediated competition --   |g 20.3.5.  |t Synthesis --   |g 20.4.  |t Evolution of base attack rates --   |g 20.4.1.  |t Motivation --   |g 20.4.2.  |t Model definition --   |g 20.4.3.  |t Numerical demonstration of attack rate evolution --   |g 20.4.4.  |t Attack-rate evolution and prudent predation --   |g 21.  |t Food Chains and Size Spectra --   |g 21.1.  |t Concepts --   |g 21.1.1.  |t Community size spectra --   |g 21.1.2.  |t Species size spectra --   |g 21.2.  |t Power-law food chains --   |g 21.2.1.  |t Infinitely long power-law food chains --   |g 21.2.2.  |t Top-down and bottom-up control --   |g 21.2.3.  |t Power law-food chains of finite lengths and their stability to pulse perturbations --   |g 21.2.4.  |t Food chains as approximations for size spectra --   |g 21.2.5.  |t Adaptation of attack rates --   |g 21.3.  |t Food chains with non-linear functional responses --   |g 21.3.1.  |t Loss of stability with density-independent consumption --   |g 21.3.2.  |t Linearization of a generalized food chain model --   |g 21.3.3.  |t Linear responses to press perturbations --   |g 21.3.4.  |t Linear stability to pulse perturbations --   |g 21.4.  |t What are the mechanisms controlling the scaling laws? --   |g 21.4.1.  |t Arguments for biological constraints on transfer efficiency --   |g 21.4.2.  |t Arguments for stability constraints on transfer efficiency --   |g 21.4.3.  |t Arguments for ecological constraints on biomass imbalance --   |g 21.4.4.  |t Arguments for mechanical constraints on PPMR --   |g 21.4.5.  |t Arguments for dynamical constraints on PPMR --   |g 21.4.6.  |t Conclusions --   |g 21.5.  |t Scavengers and detrivores --   |g 21.5.1.  |t general argument --   |g 21.5.2.  |t microbial loop and other detrital channels --   |g 22.  |t Structure and Dynamics of PDMM Model Communities --   |g 22.1.  |t PDMM model definition --   |g 22.1.1.  |t Model states --   |g 22.1.2.  |t Species sampling and community assembly --   |g 22.1.3.  |t Population dynamics --   |g 22.2.  |t PDMM simulations --   |g 22.2.1.  |t Trophic niche space and phylogenetic correlations --   |g 22.2.2.  |t Steady state and invasion fitness --   |g 22.2.3.  |t Diet partitioning --   |g 22.2.4.  |t Resource-mediated competition --   |g 22.2.5.  |t Distribution of species over body sizes and trophic levels --   |g 22.2.6.  |t size spectrum and related distributions --   |g 22.3.  |t PDMM with evolving attack rates --   |g 22.3.1.  |t Modelling and tracking evolving attack rates in the PDMM --   |g 22.3.2.  |t Time series of species richness, aggressivity and dietary diversity --   |g 22.3.3.  |t Mutual regulation of aggressivity and dietary diversity --   |g 22.4.  |t Conclusions --   |g pt. IV   |t Implications --   |g 23.  |t Scientific Implications --   |g 23.1.  |t Main mechanisms identified by the theory --   |g 23.1.1.  |t Two trades - one currency --   |g 23.1.2.  |t Resource-mediated competition --   |g 23.1.3.  |t Randomness and structure in food webs --   |g 23.1.4.  |t Consumer-mediated competition and attack-rate evolution --   |g 23.2.  |t Testable assumptions and predictions --   |g 23.2.1.  |t Link-strength distributions and trophic niche-space geometry --   |g 23.2.2.  |t Diet-partitioning statistics and sampling curves --   |g 23.2.3.  |t Prey switching --   |g 23.2.4.  |t Adapted attack rates --   |g 23.2.5.  |t Community assembly and turnover --   |g 23.2.6.  |t Patterns in link-strength matrices --   |g 23.3.  |t Some unsolved problems --   |g 23.3.1.  |t Large plants --   |g 23.3.2.  |t Interactions between modes of competition --   |g 23.3.3.  |t Absolute species richness: the role of viruses --   |g 23.3.4.  |t role of prey switching for community structure --   |g 23.3.5.  |t role of phylogenetic correlations for community dynamics --   |g 23.3.6.  |t Fundamental constraints determining size-spectrum slopes --   |g 23.3.7.  |t Community assembly with non-trivial attractors --   |g 23.3.8.  |t Solution of the Riccati Equation for resource competition --   |g 23.3.9.  |t Eigenvalues of competition matrices --   |g 23.3.10.  |t Geometry and topology of trophic niche space --   |g 23.4.  |t future of community ecology --   |g 24.  |t Conservation Implications --   |g 24.1.  |t Assessing biodiversity --   |g 24.1.1.  |t Quantifying biodiversity --   |g 24.1.2.  |t Biodiversity supporting biodiversity --   |g 24.1.3.  |t Assessing community turnover --   |g 24.2.  |t Modelling ecological communities --   |g 24.2.1.  |t Unpredictability of long-term community responses --   |g 24.2.2.  |t Short-term predictions of community responses --   |g 24.2.3.  |t Coarse-grained and stochastic community models --   |g 24.3.  |t Managing biodiversity --   |t Appendix A --   |g A.1.  |t Mathematical concepts, formulae, and jargon --   |g A.1.1.  |t Sums --   |g A.1.2.  |t Complex numbers --   |g A.1.3.  |t Vectors and matrices --   |g A.1.4.  |t Sets and functions --   |g A.1.5.  |t Differential calculus --   |g A.1.6.  |t Integrals --   |g A.1.7.  |t Differential equations --   |g A.1.8.  |t Random variables and expectation values. 
504 |a Includes bibliographical references and index. 
650 0 |a Biodiversity. 
650 0 |a Food chains (Ecology) 
650 0 |a Ecology  |x Mathematical models. 
710 2 |a Ebooks Corporation 
776 0 8 |i Print version:  |a Rossberg, Axel G., 1969-  |t Food webs and biodiversity.  |d Chichester, West Sussex, U.K ; Hoboken, N.J : Wiley Blackwell, 2013  |z 9780470973554  |w (DLC) 2013007309 
856 4 0 |u https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/santaclara/detail.action?docID=1207851  |z Connect to this title online (unlimited simultaneous users allowed; 325 uses per year)  |t 1 
907 |a .b26520497  |b 240604  |c 141204 
998 |a uww  |b    |c m  |d z   |e y  |f eng  |g enk  |h 0 
919 |a .ulebk  |b 2014-10-15 
915 |a YBP DDA - Also in ProQuest Academic Complete 
999 f f |i 62bb7698-c212-538c-a4bc-2d35638e5c83  |s 02254be7-445e-537b-9738-ab7c395c99da  |t 1 

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