HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF STRUCTURES, A2 from arch analysis to computational mechanics foreword by.. ekkehard ramm.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	KURRER, K-E
Corporate Author:	ProQuest (Firm)
Format:	Electronic eBook
Language:	English
Published:	[S.l.] : WILHELM ERNST & SOHN VERL, 2018.
Online Access:	Connect to this title online (unlimited simultaneous users allowed; 325 uses per year)

Table of Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Internal scientific tasks
1.2. Practical engineering tasks
1.3. Didactic tasks
1.4. Cultural tasks
1.5. Aims
1.6. invitation to take part in a journey through time to search for the equilibrium of loadbearing structures
2.1. What is theory of structures?
2.1.1. Preparatory period (1575-1825)
2.1.1.1. Orientation phase (1575-1700)
2.1.1.2. Application phase (1700-1775)
2.1.1.3. Initial phase (1775-1825)
2.1.2. Discipline-formation period (1825-1900)
2.1.2.1. Constitution phase (1825-1850)
2.1.2.2. Establishment phase (1850-1875)
2.1.2.3. Classical phase (1875-1900)
2.1.3. Consolidation period (1900-1950)
2.1.3.1. Accumulation phase (1900-1925)
2.1.3.2. Invention phase (1925-1950)
2.1.4. Integration period (1950 to date)
2.1.4.1. Innovation phase (1950-1975)
2.1.4.2. Diffusion phase (1975 to date)
2.2. From the lever to the trussed framework
2.2.1. Lever principle according to Archimedes
2.2.2. principle of virtual displacements
2.2.3. general work theorem
2.2.4. principle of virtual forces
2.2.5. parallelogram of forces
2.2.6. From Newton to Lagrange
2.2.7. couple
2.2.8. Kinematic or geometric school of statics?
2.2.9. Stable or unstable, determinate or indeterminate?
2.2.10. Syntheses in statics
2.2.11. Schwedler's three-pin frame
2.3. development of higher engineering education
2.3.1. specialist and military schools of the ancien regime
2.3.2. Science and enlightenment
2.3.3. Science and education during the French Revolution (1789-1794)
2.3.4. Monge's curriculum for the Ecole Polytechnique
2.3.5. Austria, Germany and Russia in the wake of the Ecole Polytechnique
2.3.6. education of engineers in the United States
2.4. study of earth pressure on retaining walls
2.4.1. Earth pressure determination according to Culmann
2.4.2. Earth pressure determination according to Poncelet
2.4.3. Stress and stability analyses
2.5. Insights into bridge-building and theory of structures in the 19th century
2.5.1. Suspension bridges
2.5.1.1. Austria
2.5.1.2. Bohemia and Moravia
2.5.1.3. Germany
2.5.1.4. United States of America
2.5.2. Timber bridges
2.5.3. Hybrid systems
2.5.4. Goltzsch and Elster viaducts (1845-1851)
2.5.5. Britannia Bridge (1846-1850)
2.5.6. first Dirschau Bridge over the Vistula (1850-1857)
2.5.7. Garabit Viaduct (1880-1884)
2.5.8. Bridge engineering theories
2.5.8.1. Reichenbach's arch theory
2.5.8.2. Young's masonry arch theory
2.5.8.3. Navier's suspension bridge theory
2.5.8.4. Navier's Resume des Lecons
2.5.8.5. trussed framework theories of Culmann and Schwedler
2.5.8.6. Beam theory and stress analysis
2.6. industrialisation of steel bridge-building between 1850 and 1900
2.6.1. Germany and Great Britain
2.6.2. France
2.6.3. United States of America
2.7. Influence lines
2.7.1. Railway trains and bridge-building
2.7.2. Evolution of the influence line concept
2.8. beam on elastic supports
2.8.1. Winkler bedding
2.8.2. theory of the permanent way
2.8.3. From permanent way theory to the theory of the beam on elastic supports
2.8.4. Geotechnical engineering brings progress
2.9. Displacement method
2.9.1. Analysis of a triangular frame
2.9.1.1. Bar end moments
2.9.1.2. Restraint forces
2.9.1.3. Superposition means combining the state variables linearly with the solution
2.9.2. Comparing the displacement method and trussed framework theory for frame-type systems
2.10. Second-order theory
2.10.1. Josef Melan's contribution
2.10.2. Suspension bridges become stiffer
2.10.3. Arch bridges become more flexible
2.10.4. differential equation for laterally loaded struts and ties
2.10.5. integration of second-order theory into the displacement method
2.10.6. Why do we need fictitious forces?
2.11. Ultimate load method
2.11.1. First approaches
2.11.2. Foundation of the ultimate load method
2.11.2.1. Josef Fritsche
2.11.2.2. Karl Girkmann
2.11.2.3. Other authors
2.11.3. paradox of the plastic hinge method
2.11.4. establishment of the ultimate load method
2.11.4.1. Sir John Fleetwood Baker
2.11.4.2. Excursion: a sample calculation
2.11.4.3. Calculating deformations
2.11.4.4. Anglo-American school of ultimate load theory
2.11.4.5. Controversies surrounding the ultimate load method
2.12. Structural law - Static law - Formation law
2.12.1. five Platonic bodies
2.12.2. Beauty and law
2.12.2.1. Structural law
2.12.2.2. Static law
2.12.2.3. Formation law
3.1. What is engineering science?
3.1.1. First approaches
3.1.2. Raising the status of the engineering sciences through philosophical discourse
3.1.2.1. contribution of systems theory
3.1.2.2. contribution of Marxism
3.1.2.3. Engineering sciences theory
3.1.3. Engineering and the engineering sciences
3.2. Subsuming the encyclopaedic in the system of classical engineering sciences: five case studies from applied mechanics and theory of structures
3.2.1. On the topicality of the encyclopaedic
3.2.2. Franz Joseph Ritter von Gerstner's contribution to the mathematisation of construction theories
3.2.2.1. Gerstner's definition of the object of applied mechanics
3.2.2.2. strength of iron
3.2.2.3. theory and practice of suspension bridges in Handbuch der Mechanik
3.2.3. Weisbach's encyclopaedia of applied mechanics
3.2.3.1. Lehrbuch
3.2.3.2. invention of the engineering manual
3.2.3.3. journal
3.2.3.4. Strength of materials in Weisbach's Lehrbuch
3.2.4. Rankine's Manuals, or the harmony between theory and practice
3.2.4.1. Rankine's Manual of Applied Mechanics
3.2.4.2. Rankine's Manual of Civil Engineering
3.2.5. Foppl's Vorlesungen fiber technische Mechanik
3.2.5.1. origin and goal of mechanics
3.2.5.2. structure of the Vorlesungen
3.2.5.3. most important applied mechanics textbooks in German
3.2.6. Handbuch der Ingenieurwissenschaften as an encyclopaedia of classical civil engineering theory
3.2.6.1. Iron beam bridges
3.2.6.2. Iron arch and suspension bridges
4.1. arch allegory
4.2. geometrical thinking behind the theory of masonry arch bridges
4.2.1. Ponte S. Trinita in Florence
4.2.1.1. Galileo and Guidobaldo del Monte
4.2.1.2. Hypotheses
4.2.2. Establishing the new thinking in bridge-building practice using the example of Nuremberg's Fleisch Bridge
4.2.2.1. Designs for the building of the Fleisch Bridge
4.2.2.2. Designs and considerations concerning the centering
4.2.2.3. loadbearing behaviour of the Fleisch Bridge
4.3. From wedge to masonry arch, or the addition theorem of wedge theory
4.3.1. Between mechanics and architecture: masonry arch theory at the Academie Royale d'Architecture de Paris (1687-1718)
4.3.2. La Hire and Belidor
4.3.3. Epigones
4.4. From the analysis of masonry arch collapse mechanisms to voussoir rotation theory
4.4.1. Baldi
4.4.2. Fabri
4.4.3. La Hire
4.4.4. Couplet
4.4.5. Bridge-building - empiricism still reigns
4.4.6. Coulomb's voussoir rotation theory
4.4.7. Monasterio's Nueva Teorica
4.5. line of thrust theory
4.5.1. Prelude
4.5.2. Gerstner
4.5.3. search for the true line of thrust
4.6. breakthrough for elastic theory
4.6.1. dualism of masonry arch and elastic arch theory under Navier
4.6.2. Two steps forwards, one back
4.6.3. From Poncelet to Winkler
4.6.4. step back
4.6.5. masonry arch is nothing, the elastic arch is everything - the triumph of elastic arch theory over masonry arch theory
4.6.5.1. Grandes Voutes
4.6.5.2. Doubts
4.6.5.3. Tests on models
4.7. Ultimate load theory for masonry arches
4.7.1. Of cracks and the true line of thrust in the masonry arch
4.7.2. Masonry arch failures
4.7.3. maximum load principles of the ultimate load theory for masonry arches
4.7.4. safety of masonry arches
4.7.5. Analysis of masonry arch bridges
4.7.6. Heyman extends masonry arch theory
4.8. finite element method
4.9. studies of Holzer
4.10. On the epistemological status of masonry arch theories
4.10.1. Wedge theory
4.10.2. Collapse mechanism analysis and voussoir rotation theory
4.10.3. Line of thrust theory and elastic theory for masonry arches
4.10.4. Ultimate load theory for masonry arches as an object in historical theory of structures
4.10.5. finite element analysis of masonry arches
5.1. Retaining walls for fortifications
5.2. Earth pressure theory as an object of military engineering
5.2.1. In the beginning there was the inclined plane
5.2.1.1. Bullet
5.2.1.2. Gautier
5.2.1.3. Couplet
5.2.1.4. Further approaches
5.2.1.5. Friction reduces earth pressure
5.2.2. From inclined plane to wedge theory
5.2.3. Charles Augustin Coulomb
5.2.3.1. Manifestations of adhesion
5.2.3.2. Failure behaviour of masonry piers
5.2.3.3. transition to earth pressure theory
5.2.3.4. Active earth pressure
5.2.3.5. Passive earth pressure
5.2.3.6. Design
5.2.4. magazine for engineering officers
5.3. Modifications to Coulomb earth pressure theory
Contents note continued: 5.3.1. trigonometrisation of earth pressure theory
5.3.1.1. Prony
5.3.1.2. Mayniel
5.3.1.3. Francais, Audoy and Navier
5.3.1.4. Martony de Koszegh
5.3.2. geometric way
5.3.2.1. Jean-Victor Poncelet
5.3.2.2. Hermann Scheffler's critiism of Poncelet
5.3.2.3. Karl Culmann
5.3.2.4. Georg Rebhann
5.3.2.5. Compelling contradictions
5.4. contribution of continuum mechanics
5.4.1. hydrostatic earth pressure model
5.4.2. new earth pressure theory
5.4.2.1. Carl Holtzmann
5.4.2.2. Rankine's stroke of genius
5.4.2.3. Emil Winkler
5.4.2.4. Otto Mohr
5.5. Earth pressure theory from 1875 to 1900
5.5.1. Coulomb or Rankine?
5.5.2. Earth pressure theory in the form of masonry arch theory
5.5.3. Earth pressure theory a la francaise
5.5.4. Kotter's mathematical earth pressure theory
5.6. Experimental earth pressure research
5.6.1. precursors of experimental earth pressure research
5.6.1.1. Cramer
5.6.1.2. Baker
5.6.1.3. Donath and Engels
5.6.2. great moment in subsoil research
5.6.3. Earth pressure tests at the testing institute for the statics of structures at Berlin Technical University
5.6.4. merry-go-round of discussions of errors
5.6.5. Swedish school of earthworks
5.6.6. emergence of soil mechanics
5.6.6.1. Three lines of development
5.6.6.2. disciplinary configuration of soil mechanics
5.6.6.3. contours of phenomenological earth pressure theory
5.7. Earth pressure theory in the discipline-formation period of geotechnical engineering
5.7.1. Terzaghi
5.7.2. Rendulic
5.7.3. Ohde
5.7.4. Errors and confusion
5.7.5. hasty reaction in print
5.7.6. Foundations + soil mechanics = geotechnical engineering
5.7.6.1. civil engineer as soldier
5.7.6.2. Addendum
5.8. Earth pressure theory in the consolidation period of geotechnical engineering
5.8.1. New subdisciplines in geotechnical engineering
5.8.2. Determining earth pressure in practical theory of structures
5.8.2.1. modified Culmann E line
5.8.2.2. New findings regarding passive earth pressure
5.9. Earth pressure theory in the integration period of geotechnical engineering
5.9.1. Computer-assisted earth pressure calculations
5.9.2. Geotechnical continuum models
5.9.3. art of estimating
5.9.4. history of geotechnical engineering as an object of construction history
6.1. What is the theory of strength of materials?
6.2. On the state of development of theory of structures and strength of materials in the Renaissance
6.3. Galileo's Dialogue
6.3.1. First day
6.3.2. Second day
6.4. Developments in strength of materials up to 1750
6.5. Civil engineering at the close of the 18th century
6.5.1. completion of beam theory
6.5.2. Franz Joseph Ritter von Gerstner
6.5.3. Introduction to structural engineering
6.5.3.1. Gerstner's analysis and synthesis of loadbearing systems
6.5.3.2. Gerstner's method of structural design
6.5.3.3. Einleitung in die statische Baukunst as a textbook for analysis
6.5.4. Four comments on the significance of Gerstner's Einleitung in die statische Baukunst for theory of structures
6.6. formation of a theory of structures: Eytelwein and Navier
6.6.1. Navier
6.6.2. Eytelwein
6.6.3. analysis of the continuous beam according to Eytelwein and Navier
6.6.3.1. continuous beam in Eytelwein's Statik fester Korper
6.6.3.2. continuous beam in Navier's Resume des Lecons
6.7. Adoption of Navier's analysis of the continuous beam
7.1. Clapeyron's contribution to the formation of the classical engineering sciences
7.1.1. Les polytechniciens: the fascinating revolutionary elan in post-revolution France
7.1.2. Clapeyron and Lame in St. Petersburg (1820-1831)
7.1.3. Clapeyron's formulation of the energy doctrine of the classical engineering sciences
7.1.4. Bridge-building and the theorem of three moments
7.2. completion of the practical beam theory
7.3. From graphical statics to graphical analysis
7.3.1. founding of graphical statics by Culmann
7.3.2. Two graphical integration machines
7.3.3. Rankine, Maxwell, Cremona and Bow
7.3.4. Differences between graphical statics and graphical analysis
7.3.5. breakthrough for graphical analysis
7.3.5.1. Graphical analysis of masonry vaults and domes
7.3.5.2. Graphical analysis in engineering works
7.4. classical phase of theory of structures
7.4.1. Winkler's contribution
7.4.1.1. elastic theory foundation to theory of structures
7.4.1.2. theory of the elastic arch as a foundation for bridge-building
7.4.2. beginnings of the force method
7.4.2.1. Contributions to the theory of statically indeterminate trussed frameworks
7.4.2.2. From the trussed framework theory to the general theory of trusses
7.4.3. Loadbearing structure as kinematic machine
7.4.3.1. Trussed framework as machine
7.4.3.2. theoretical kinematics of Reuleaux and the Dresden school of kinematics
7.4.3.3. Kinematic or energy doctrine in theory of structures?
7.4.3.4. Pyrrhic victory of the energy doctrine in theory of structures
7.5. Theory of structures at the transition from the discipline-formation to the consolidation period
7.5.1. Castigliano
7.5.2. fundamentals of classical theory of structures
7.5.3. Resumption of the dispute about the fundamentals of classical theory of structures
7.5.3.1. cause
7.5.3.2. dispute between the 'seconds'
7.5.3.3. dispute surrounding the validity of the theorems of Castigliano
7.5.4. validity of Castigliano's theorems
7.6. Lord Rayleigh's The Theory of Sound and Kirpitchev's fundamentals of classical theory of structures
7.6.1. Rayleigh coefficient and Ritz coefficient
7.6.2. Kirpitchev's congenial adaptation
7.7. Berlin school of theory of structures
7.7.1. notion of the scientific school
7.7.2. completion of classical theory of structures by Muller-Breslau
7.7.3. Classical theory of structures usurps engineering design
7.7.4. Miiller-Breslau's students
7.7.4.1. August Hertwig
7.7.4.2. August Hertwig's successors
8.1. Torsion theory in iron construction and theory of structures from 1850 to 1900
8.1.1. Saint-Venant's torsion theory
8.1.2. torsion problem in Weisbach's Principles
8.1.3. Bach's torsion tests
8.1.4. adoption of torsion theory in classical theory of structures
8.2. Crane-building at the focus of mechanical and electrical engineering, steel construction and theory of structures
8.2.1. Rudolph Bredt - known yet unknown
8.2.2. Ludwig Stuckenholz company in Wetter a.d. Ruhr
8.2.2.1. Bredt's rise to become the master of crane-building
8.2.2.2. Crane types of the Ludwig Stuckenholz company
8.2.3. Bredt's scientific-technical publications
8.2.3.1. Bredt's testing machine
8.2.3.2. principle of separating the functions in crane-building
8.2.3.3. Crane hooks
8.2.3.4. Struts
8.2.3.5. Foundation anchors
8.2.3.6. Pressure cylinders
8.2.3.7. Curved bars
8.2.3.8. Elastic theory
8.2.3.9. teaching of engineers
8.2.3.10. Torsion theory
8.2.4. Heavy engineering adopts classical theory of structures
8.3. Torsion theory in the consolidation period of theory of structures (1900-1950)
8.3.1. introduction of an engineering science concept: the torsion constant
8.3.2. discovery of the shear centre
8.3.2.1. Carl Bach
8.3.2.2. Louis Potterat
8.3.2.3. Adolf Eggenschwyler
8.3.2.4. Robert Maillart
8.3.2.5. Rearguard actions in the debate surrounding the shear centre
8.3.3. Torsion theory in structural steelwork from 1925 to 1950
8.3.4. Summary
8.4. Searching for the true buckling theory in steel construction
8.4.1. buckling tests of the DStV
8.4.1.1. world's largest testing machine
8.4.1.2. perfect buckling theory on the basis of elastic theory
8.4.2. German State Railways and the joint technical-scientific work in structural steelwork
8.4.2.1. Standardising the codes of practice for structural steelwork
8.4.2.2. founding of the German Committee for Structural Steelwork (DASt)
8.4.3. Excursion: the "Olympic Games" for structural engineering
8.4.4. paradigm change in buckling theory
8.4.5. standardisation of the new buckling theory in the German stability standard DIN 4114
8.5. Steelwork and steelwork science from 1925 to 1975
8.5.1. From the one-dimensional to the two-dimensional structure
8.5.1.1. theory of the effective width
8.5.1.2. Constructional innovations in German bridge-building during the 1930s
8.5.1.3. theory of the beam grid
8.5.1.4. orthotropic plate as a patent
8.5.1.5. Structural steelwork borrows from reinforced concrete: Huber's plate theory
8.5.1.6. Guyon-Massonnet method
8.5.1.7. theory dynamic in steelwork science in the 1950s and 1960s
8.5.2. rise of steel-concrete composite construction
8.5.2.1. Composite columns
8.5.2.2. Composite beams
8.5.2.3. Composite bridges
8.5.3. Lightweight steel construction
8.5.4. Steel and glass - best friends
8.6. Eccentric orbits - the disappearance of the centre
9.1. emergence of the theory of spatial frameworks
9.1.1. original dome to the Reichstag (German parliament building)
9.1.2. Foundation of the theory of spatial frameworks by August Foppl
Contents note continued: 9.1.3. Integration of spatial framework theory into classical theory of structures
9.2. Spatial frameworks in an age of technical reproducibility
9.2.1. Alexander Graham Bell
9.2.2. Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov
9.2.3. Walther Bauersfeld and Franz Dischinger
9.2.4. Richard Buckminster Fuller
9.2.5. Max Mengeringhausen
9.3. Dialectic synthesis of individual structural composition and large-scale production
9.3.1. MERO system and the composition law for spatial frameworks
9.3.2. Spatial frameworks and computers
10.1. first design methods in reinforced concrete construction
10.1.1. beginnings of reinforced concrete construction
10.1.2. From the German Monier patent to the Monier-Broschure
10.1.3. Monier-Broschure
10.1.3.1. new type of structural-constructional quality offered by the Monier system
10.1.3.2. applications of the Monier system
10.1.3.3. engineering science principles of the Monier system
10.2. Reinforced concrete revolutionises the building industry
10.2.1. fate of the Monier system
10.2.2. end of the system period: steel + concrete = reinforced concrete
10.2.2.1. Napoleon of reinforced concrete: Francois Hennebique
10.2.2.2. founding father of rationalism in reinforced concrete: Paul Christophe
10.2.2.3. completion of the triad
10.3. Theory of structures and reinforced concrete
10.3.1. New types of loadbearing structure in reinforced concrete
10.3.1.1. Reinforced concrete gains emancipation from structural steelwork: the rigid frame
10.3.1.2. Reinforced concrete takes its first steps into the second dimension: out-of-plane-loaded structures
10.3.1.3. first synthesis
10.3.2. structural-constructional self-discovery of reinforced concrete
10.3.2.1. In-plane-loaded elements and folded plates
10.3.2.2. Reinforced concrete shells
10.3.2.3. second synthesis
10.3.2.4. Of the power of formalised theory
10.4. Prestressed concrete: "Une revolution dans Part de bate (Freyssinet)
10.4.1. Leonhardt's Prestressed Concrete. Design and Construction
10.4.2. first prestressed concrete standard
10.4.3. Prestressed concrete standards in the GDR
10.4.4. unstoppable rise of prestressed concrete reflected in Beton- and Stahlbetonbau
10.5. Paradigm change in reinforced concrete design in the Federal Republic of Germany, too
10.6. Revealing the invisible: reinforced concrete design with truss models
10.6.1. trussed framework model of Francois Hennebique
10.6.2. trussed framework model of Emil Morsch
10.6.3. picture is worth 1,000 words: stress patterns for plane plate and shell structures
10.6.4. concept of the truss model: steps towards holistic design in reinforced concrete
11.1. relationship between text, image and symbol in theory of structures
11.1.1. historical stages in the idea of formalisation
11.1.2. structural engineer - a manipulator of symbols?
11.2. development of the displacement method
11.2.1. contribution of the mathematical elastic theory
11.2.1.1. Elimination of stresses or displacements? That is the question.
11.2.1.2. element from the ideal artefacts of mathematical elastic theory: the elastic truss system
11.2.2. From pin-jointed trussed framework to rigid-jointed frame
11.2.2.1. real engineering artefact: the iron trussed framework with riveted joints
11.2.2.2. theory of secondary stresses
11.2.3. From trussed framework to rigid frame
11.2.3.1. Thinking in deformations
11.2.3.2. Vierendeel girder
11.2.4. displacement method gains emancipation from trussed framework theory
11.2.4.1. Axel Bendixsen
11.2.4.2. George Alfred Maney
11.2.4.3. Willy Gehler
11.2.4.4. Asger Ostenfeld
11.2.4.5. Peter L. Pasternak
11.2.4.6. Ludwig Mann
11.2.5. displacement method during the invention phase of theory of structures
11.3. rationalisation movement in theory of structures
11.3.1. prescriptive use of symbols in theory of structures
11.3.2. Rationalisation of statically indeterminate calculations
11.3.2.1. Statically indeterminate main systems
11.3.2.2. Orthogonalisation methods
11.3.2.3. Specific methods from the theory of sets of linear equations
11.3.2.4. Structural iteration methods
11.3.3. dual nature of theory of structures
11.4. Konrad Zuse and the automation of structural calculations
11.4.1. Schematisation of statically indeterminate calculations
11.4.1.1. Schematic calculation procedure
11.4.1.2. first step to the computing plan
11.4.2. "engineer's calculating machine"
11.5. Matrix formulation
11.5.1. Matrix formulation in mathematics and theoretical physics
11.5.2. Tensor and matrix algebra in the fundamental engineering science disciplines
11.5.3. integration of matrix formulation into engineering mathematics
11.5.4. structural analysis matrix method: the carry-over method
12.1. "The computer shapes the theory" (Argyris) - the historical roots of the finite element method
12.1.1. Truss models for elastic continua
12.1.1.1. Kirsch's space truss model
12.1.1.2. Trussed framework models for elastic plates
12.1.1.3. origin of the gridwork method
12.1.1.4. First computer-aided structural analyses in the automotive industry
12.1.2. Modularisation and discretisation of aircraft structures
12.1.2.1. From lattice box girder to cell tube and shear field layout
12.1.2.2. High-speed aerodynamics, discretisation of the cell tube and matrix theory
12.2. matrix algebra reformulation of structural mechanics
12.2.1. founding of modern structural mechanics
12.2.2. first steps towards computational statics in Europe
12.2.2.1. Switzerland
12.2.2.2. United Kingdom
12.2.2.3. Federal Republic of Germany
12.3. FEM - formation of a general technology of engineering science theory
12.3.1. classical publication of a non-classical method
12.3.2. heuristic potential of FEM: the direct stiffness method
12.4. founding of FEM through variational principles
12.4.1. variational principle of Dirichlet and Green
12.4.1.1. simple example: the axially loaded elastic extensible bar
12.4.1.2. Gottingen school around Felix Klein
12.4.2. first stage of the synthesis: the canonic variational principle of Hellinger and Prange
12.4.2.1. Prange's habilitation thesis
12.4.2.2. In the Hades of amnesia
12.4.2.3. First steps in recollection
12.4.2.4. Eric Reissner's contribution
12.4.3. second stage of the synthesis: the variational principle of Fraeijs de Veubeke, Hu and Washizu
12.4.4. variational formulation of FEM
12.4.5. break with symmetry with serious consequences
12.5. Back to the roots
12.5.1. Priority for mathematical reasoning
12.5.2. Influence functions
12.5.3. Influence functions and FEM - an example
12.5.4. Practical benefits of influence functions
12.5.5. fundamentals of theory of structures
12.6. Computational mechanics
13.1. scientific controversy
13.2. Thirteen disputes
13.2.1. Galileo's Dialogo
13.2.2. Galileo's Discorsi
13.2.3. philosophical dispute about the true measure of force
13.2.4. dispute about the principle of least action
13.2.5. dome of St. Peter's in the dispute between theorists and practitioners
13.2.6. Discontinuum or continuum?
13.2.7. Graphical statics vs. graphical analysis, or the defence of pure theory
13.2.8. Animosity creates two schools: Mohr vs. Muller-Breslau
13.2.9. war of positions
13.2.10. Until death do us part: Fillunger vs. Terzaghi
13.2.11. "In principle, yes...": the dispute about principles
13.2.12. Elastic or plastic? That is the question.
13.2.13. importance of the classical earth pressure theory
13.3. Resume
14.1. Theory of structures and aesthetics
14.1.1. schism of architecture
14.1.2. Beauty and utility in architecture - a utopia?
14.1.3. Alfred Gotthold Meyer's Eisenbauten. Ihre Geschichte and Asthetik
14.1.4. aesthetics in the dialectic between building and calculation
14.2. Historical engineering science - historical theory of structures
14.2.1. Saint-Venant's historical elastic theory
14.2.2. Historical masonry arch theory
14.2.3. Historico-genetic teaching of theory of structures
14.2.3.1. historico-logical longitudinal analysis
14.2.3.2. historico-logical cross-sectional analysis
14.2.3.3. historico-logical comparison
14.2.3.4. Content, aims, means and characteristics of the historico-genetic teaching of theory of structures
14.2.4. Computer-assisted graphical analysis.

HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF STRUCTURES, A2 from arch analysis to computational mechanics foreword by.. ekkehard ramm.

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