Table of Contents:
  • CONTENTS
  • PREFACE
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • 1 Canada: A Forest Nation
  • THE FORESTS OF CANADA
  • THE FOREST: A COMPLEX COMMUNITY
  • THE HARVESTING OF FOREST PRODUCTS
  • THE RENEWABLE RESOURCE
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Commercial Woods
  • SOFTWOODS (CONIFEROUS SPECIES)
  • HARDWOODS (DECIDUOUS SPECIES)
  • REFERENCE
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • 3 The Structure of Wood
  • TREE GROWTH
  • Growth in Height
  • Growth in Diameter
  • CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD
  • Sapwood and Heartwood
  • Grain, Texture, and Figure
  • Color and Luster
  • Odor and Taste
  • STRUCTURE OF WOOD
  • SoftwoodsHardwoods
  • CELL-WALL STRUCTURE
  • Primary Wall
  • S[sub(1)] Layer
  • S[sub(2)] Layer
  • S[sub(3)] Layer
  • Microfibrils
  • Water and Shrinkage
  • Pits
  • NATURAL DEFECTS AND ABNORMALITIES
  • Knots
  • Pitch Streaks and Pockets
  • Cross Grain
  • Shakes and Checks
  • Brash Wood
  • Reaction Wood
  • VARIABILITY IN WOOD OF THE SAME SPECIES
  • Variation between Trees
  • Variation within Trees
  • IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD SAMPLES
  • Key for Microscopic Identification of Woods Commonly Used in Canada
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • 4 Strength and Physical Properties of WoodFACTORS AFFECTING THE STRENGTH OF WOOD
  • Density and Relative Density
  • Moisture Content
  • STRENGTH-REDUCING CHARACTERISTICS
  • Knots
  • Slope of Grain
  • Shakes and Checks
  • Decay
  • Aging
  • Reaction Wood
  • STRENGTH OF WOOD COMPONENTS IN STRUCTURES
  • Species Groups
  • Allowable Unit Stresses
  • Machine Stress Rating
  • Preservative and Fire-Retardant Treatments
  • CREEP AND RELAXATION
  • STRENGTH OF JOINTS
  • Nails
  • Wood Screws
  • Lag Screws
  • Toothed Plate Connectors
  • Split Rings and Shear PlatesGlulam Rivets
  • Bolts
  • Adhesive Joints
  • POLES AND PILING
  • PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD
  • Acoustical Properties
  • Electrical Properties
  • Thermal Properties
  • REFERENCES
  • APPENDIX
  • 5 The Chemistry of Wood
  • THE COMPONENTS OF WOOD
  • Cellulose
  • Hemicelluloses
  • Lignin
  • Extractives
  • Bark
  • Foliage
  • APPLICATIONS OF WOOD CHEMISTRY
  • Pulping
  • Stains on Wood Products
  • Chemical Identification of Species
  • Bleed-through
  • Utilization of Sawdust and Bark
  • WOOD CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL BYPRODUCTSCellulose and Its Derivatives
  • Charcoal
  • Wood Resin
  • Maple Sap Products
  • Saccharification of Wood
  • Food and Food Supplements
  • Vanillin
  • Essential Oils
  • Other Chemicals from Foliage
  • Bark Tannins
  • Fuel
  • THE FUTURE OF WOOD CHEMICALS
  • Pyrolysis
  • Hydrogenation
  • Hydrolysis
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Lumber Production
  • HISTORY
  • LUMBER MANUFACTURE
  • Log Quality and Allocation
  • Basic Steps in Lumber Manufacture
  • Sawing Methods
  • Saws
  • Headrigs
  • Secondary Sawmilling Machines