Wildland fire behaviour dynamics, principles and processes
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Corporate Author: | |
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Clayton South, VIC
CSIRO Publishing
[2021]
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to this title online (unlimited simultaneous users allowed; 325 uses per year) |
Table of Contents:
- Machine generated contents note: Fire science and the need for experiments
- Wildland fire science since 1900
- Modelling and field-scale research
- challenge of validation
- Outline of the book
- References
- burning candle as a fire process
- Igniting and burning a candle
- Flame shape
- Flame size
- Candles and wildfires as coupled systems
- Wildfire behaviour triangle: fuels, weather, topography
- Wildfire classification
- Initial fire growth
- Line fire concept
- Wildfire behaviour
- Fire spread rate
- Fire shapes
- Fire area and perimeter
- Heat release and fireline intensity
- Flame length
- Fire characteristics chart
- Fire acceleration
- Summary
- Supplementary calculations
- Endnote
- References
- Basic concepts, material properties and terminology
- Thermodynamics
- Fluid mechanics
- Boundary layers
- Vortex flows
- Ember lofting
- Heat transfer
- Conduction heat transfer
- Radiation heat transfer
- Convection heat transfer
- Combined heat transfer
- Summary
- Endnote
- References
- Fuels
- Thermodynamics of combustion
- Combustion reactions
- Heat of combustion
- Flame temperatures
- Brief discussion of chemical kinetics
- Types of flames
- Premixed flames
- Non-premixed or diffusion flames
- Smouldering and glowing
- Summary
- Endnotes
- References
- ignition process
- Flaming ignition criteria
- Types of ignition
- Critical heat flux for ignition
- Predicting ignition times
- Factors that affect ignition time
- Live fuels
- Summary
- Endnotes
- References
- Wildland fuel
- Fuel particles and fuel beds
- Fuel moisture
- Live fuels
- Implications for fuel characterisation and classification
- Weather
- Winds
- Solar radiation
- Topography
- Fire configurations
- Flame front width and shape
- Backing fires and flanking
- Multiple flame zones and air-flow interactions
- Summary
- References
- System behaviour
- Model framework
- Fuel particles
- Burning rate
- Flame radiation heat transfer
- Solid glowing radiation
- Ambient environment radiation heat transfer
- Convection heat transfer
- Model function
- Modelled fire spread and behaviour
- Simple fire spread dynamics
- Fuel particle heating and ignition
- Fuel loading
- Flame front width
- Effects of wind
- Non-steady wind
- Effects of slope
- Effects of dead fuel moisture
- Effects of fuel continuity
- Positive and negative feedbacks
- Model improvements
- Combustion
- Ignition
- Wind
- Flame zone orientation
- Heat transfer
- Crown fire
- Summary
- References
- Crown fire
- Spotting and spot fires
- Fire shapes and growth patterns
- Burn streets
- Plumes and pyroconvective atmospheric storms
- Vorticity
- Pulsating or puffing
- Fire whirls
- Counter-rotating vortex pairs and wake vortices
- Vorticity-driven lateral spread
- Mass fires
- Summary
- References
- Sampling and experimental design
- Fire measurements
- Combustion and heat release
- Fuel consumption
- Heat release
- Flame zone properties
- Heat transfer
- Radiation
- Convection
- Ignition
- Rate of spread
- One-dimensional spread rate
- Two-dimensional spread rate and fire growth
- Environmental measurements
- Fuel moisture
- Weather and wind
- Temperature
- Relative humidity
- Summary
- References
- Point ignition
- Single line ignition
- Heading fires
- Backing fires
- Flanking fires
- Other line ignitions
- Multiple line fires
- Strip head fire
- Flank fire
- Multiple spot ignitions
- Ring fire, centre fire, mass ignition
- Summary
- References
- Key principles and insights
- Principal value to researchers
- Principal value to managers.