Fabrication of metallic pressure vessels /
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Corporate Author: | |
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hoboken, NJ :
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
[2022]
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| Series: | Wiley-ASME Press series.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to this title online (unlimited simultaneous users allowed; 325 uses per year) |
Table of Contents:
- <P><b>Preface</b></p> <p><b>Acknowledgements</b></p> <p><b>1. Introduction</b></p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2. Fabrication Sequence</p> <p>1.3 Cost Considerations</p> <p>1.3.1 Types of costs</p> <p>1.3.2 Design choices</p> <p>1.3.3 Shipping</p> <p>1.3.4 General approach to cost control</p> <p>1.4 Fabrication of Non-nuclear Versus Nuclear Pressure Vessels</p> <p>1.5 Units and Abbreviations</p> <p>1.6 Summary</p> <p><b>2. Materials of Construction</b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Ferrous Alloys</p> <p>2.2.1 Carbon steels (Mild steels)</p> <p>2.2.2 Low alloy steels (Cr-Mo steels)</p> <p>2.2.3 High alloy steel (stainless steels)</p> <p>2.2.4 Cost of Ferrous alloys</p> <p>2.3 Nonferrous Alloys</p> <p>2.3.1 Aluminum alloys</p> <p>2.3.2 Copper alloys</p> <p>2.3.3 Nickel alloys</p> <p>2.3.4 Titanium alloys</p> <p>2.3.5 Zirconium alloys</p> <p>2.3.6 Tantalum alloys</p> <p>2.3.7 Price of nonferrous alloys</p> <p>2.4 Density of Some Ferrous and Nonferrous Alloys</p> <p>2.5 Nonmetallic Vessels</p> <p>2.6 Forms and Documentation</p> <p>2.7 Miscellaneous Materials</p> <p>2.7.1 Cast iron</p> <p>2.7.2 Gaskets</p> <p>2.8 References</p> <p><b>3. Layout</b></p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Applications</p> <p>3.3 Tools and Their Use</p> <p>3.4 Layout Basics</p> <p>3.4.1 Projection</p> <p>3.4.2 Triangulation</p> <p>3.5 Material Thickness and Bending Allowance</p> <p>3.6 Angles and Channels</p> <p>3.7 Marking Conventions</p> <p>3.8 Future of Plate Layout</p> <p>3.9 References:</p> <p><b>4. Material Forming</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.1.1 Bending versus three-dimensional forming</p> <p>4.1.2 Other issues</p> <p>4.1.3 Plastic Theory</p> <p>4.1.4 Forming limits</p> <p>4.1.5 Grain direction</p> <p>4.1.6 Cold versus hot forming</p> <p>4.1.7 Spring back</p> <p>4.2 Brake Forming (Angles, Bump-Forming)</p> <p>4.2.1 Types of dies</p> <p>4.2.2 Brake work forming limits</p> <p>4.2.3 Crimping</p> <p>4.2.4 Bending of pipes and tubes</p> <p>4.2.5 Brake forming loads</p> <p>4.3 Roll Forming (Shells, Reinforcing Pads, Pipe/Tube)</p> <p>4.3.1 Pyramid rolls</p> <p>4.3.2 Pinch rolls</p> <p>4.3.3 Two roll systems</p> <p>4.3.4 Rolling radius variability compensation</p> <p>4.3.5 Heads and caps</p> <p>4.3.6 Hot forming</p> <p>4.4 Tolerances</p> <p>4.4.1 Brake forming tolerances</p> <p>4.4.2 Roll forming tolerances</p> <p>4.4.3 Press forming tolerances</p> <p>4.4.4 Flanging tolerances</p> <p><b>5. Fabrication</b></p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Layout</p> <p>5.3 Weld Preparation</p> <p>5.3.1 Hand and automatic grinders</p> <p>5.3.2 Nibblers</p> <p>5.3.3 Flame cutting</p> <p>5.3.4 Boring Mills</p> <p>5.3.5 Lathes</p> <p>5.3.6 Routers</p> <p>5.3.7 Other cutter arrangements</p> <p>5.4 Forming</p> <p>5.5 Vessel Fit up and Assembly</p> <p>5.5.1 The fitter</p> <p>5.5.2 Fit up tools</p> <p>5.5.3 Persuasion and other fit up techniques</p> <p>5.5.4 Fixturing</p> <p>5.5.5 Welding fit up</p> <p>5.5.6 Weld shrinkage</p> <p>5.5.7 Order of assembly</p> <p>5.6 Welding</p> <p>5.6.1 Welding position</p> <p>5.6.2 Welding residual stresses</p> <p>5.6.3 Welding positioners, turning rolls, column and boom weld manipulators</p> <p>5.7 Correction of Distortion</p> <p>5.8 Heat Treatment</p> <p>5.8.1 Welding preheat</p> <p>5.8.2 Interpass temperature</p> <p>5.8.3 Post weld heat treatment</p> <p>5.9 Post-fabrication Machining</p> <p>5.10 Field Fabrication
- Special Issues</p> <p>5.10.1 Exposure to the elements</p> <p>5.10.2 Staging area</p> <p>5.10.3 Tool and equipment availability</p> <p>5.10.4 Staffing</p> <p>5.10.5 Material handling</p> <p>5.10.6 Energy sources</p> <p>5.10.7 PWHT</p> <p>5.10.8 Layout</p> <p>5.10.9 Fit up</p> <p>5.10.10 Welding</p> <p>5.11 Machining</p> <p>5.12 Cold Springing</p> <p><b>6. Cutting and Machining</b></p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Common Cutting Operations for Pressure Vessels</p> <p>6.3 Cutting Processes</p> <p>6.3.1 Plate cutting</p> <p>6.3.2 Pipe, bar, and structural shape cutting</p> <p>6.4 Common Machining Functions and Processes</p> <p>6.5 Common Machining Functions for Pressure Vessels</p> <p>6.5.1 Weld preparation</p> <p>6.5.2 Machining of flanges</p> <p>6.5.3 Tubesheets</p> <p>6.5.4 Heat exchanger channels</p> <p>6.5.5 Heat exchanger baffles</p> <p>6.6 Set Up Issues</p> <p>6.7 Material Removal Rates</p> <p>6.7.1 Feed</p> <p>6.7.2 Speed</p> <p>6.7.3 Depth of cut</p> <p>6.8 Milling</p> <p>6.9 Turning and Boring</p> <p>6.10 Machining Centers</p> <p>6.11 Drilling</p> <p>6.12 Tapping</p> <p>6.13 Water Jet Cutting</p> <p>6.14 Laser Machining</p> <p>6.15 Reaming</p> <p>6.16 Electrical Discharge Machining, Plunge and Wire</p> <p>6.17 Electrochemical Machining</p> <p>6.18 Electron Beam Machining</p> <p>6.19 Photochemical Machining</p> <p>6.20 Ultrasonic Machining</p> <p>6.21 Planing and Shaping</p> <p>6.22 Broaching</p> <p>6.23 3D Printing</p> <p>6.24 Summary</p> <p>6.25 References</p> <p><b>7. Welding</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Weld Details and Symbols</p> <p>7.2.1 Single fillet weld</p> <p>7.2.2 Double fillet welds</p> <p>7.2.3 Intermittent fillet welds</p> <p>7.2.4 Single bevel butt welds</p> <p>7.2.5 Double bevel butt welds</p> <p>7.2.6 J-groove or double J-groove welds</p> <p>7.2.7 Backing strips</p> <p>7.2.8 Consumables</p> <p>7.2.9 Tube to tubesheet welds</p> <p>7.2.10 Weld symbols</p> <p>7.3 Weld Processes</p> <p>7.3.1 Diffusion welding</p> <p>7.3.2 Electron beam welding</p> <p>7.3.3 Electrogas welding</p> <p>7.3.4 Electroslag welding</p> <p>7.3.5 Flux-cored arc welding</p> <p>7.3.6 Flash welding</p> <p>7.3.7 Friction stir welding</p> <p>7.3.8 Gas metal-arc welding</p> <p>7.3.9 Gas tungsten-arc welding</p> <p>7.3.10 Laser beam welding</p> <p>7.3.11 Orbital welding</p> <p>7.3.12 Oxyfuel gas welding</p> <p>7.3.13 Plasma-arc welding</p> <p>7.3.14 Resistance spot welding</p> <p>7.3.15 Resistance seam welding</p> <p>7.3.16 Submerged-arc welding</p> <p>7.3.17 Shielded metal-arc welding</p> <p>7.3.18 Stud welding</p> <p>7.4 Weld Pre-heat and Interpass Temperature</p> <p>7.5 Post Weld Heat Treating</p> <p>7.6 Welding Procedures</p> <p>7.7 Control of Residual Stress and Distortion</p> <p>7.8 Material Handling to Facilitate Welding</p> <p>7.9 Weld Repair</p> <p>7.10 Brazing</p> <p>7.10.1 Applications</p> <p>7.10.2 Filler metal</p> <p>7.10.3 Heating</p> <p>7.10.4 Flux</p> <p>7.10.5 Brazing Procedures</p> <p>7.11 References</p> <p><b>8. Welding Procedures and Post Weld Heat Treatment</b></p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Weld Symbols and Details</p> <p>8.3 Common Weld Joint Configurations</p> <p>8.4 Welding Procedures</p> <p>8.5 Weld Preparation Special Requirements</p> <p>8.6 Weld Joint Design and Process to Reduce Stress and Distortion</p> <p>8.6.1 Reduced heat input</p> <p>8.6.2 Lower temperature differential</p> <p>8.6.3 Choice of weld process</p> <p>8.6.4 Weld configuration and sequencing</p> <p>8.7 Weld Pre-Heat and Interpass Temperature</p> <p>8.8 Welder Versus Welding Operator</p> <p>8.8.1 Welders</p> <p>8.8.2 Welding operators</p> <p>8.8.3 Differences in qualifications</p> <p>8.9 Weld Repair</p> <p>8.9.1 Slag inclusion during welding</p> <p>8.9.2 Surface indications after cooling of welds</p> <p>8.9.3 Delayed hydrogen cracking after welding</p> <p>8.9.4 Cracks occurring subsequent to PWHT</p> <p>8.