Table of Contents: “…Baby-talk; From cries to words; Learning how to understand; Making vibrations; Pronouncing sounds; Discovering grammar; Having a conversation; Learning to read and write; Getting to grips with spelling; Spelling rules and variations; Grammar rules and variations; Accents and dialects; Being bilingual; The languages of the world; The origins of speech; The origins of writing; Modern writing; Sign language; Comparing languages; Dying languages; Language change; Language variation; Language at work; Slang; Dictionaries; Etymology; Place names; Personal names; The electronic revolution.…”
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Table of Contents: “…Early global encounters as motor of visual language change: the case of Medieval France / Anja Eisenbeiß -- 3. …”

Table of Contents: “…Piñango -- Adult language and dialect learning as simultaneous environmental triggers for language change in Spanish / Israel Sanz-Sánchez and Fernando Tejedo-Herrero -- Socio-historical varieties in isolation and contact. …”
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Table of Contents: “…Intro; GAELIC IN CONTEMPORARY SCOTLAND; Copyright; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Notes on Contributors; Foreword: Assailed yet Resolute; Acknowledgements; List of Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 2 The Language of the Playground: Activists Building Consensus on the Language Policy and Ethos of a New Gaelic Immersion School; 3 Mismatches between National and Local Gaelic Development: Cròileagan Dùn Èideann and the Promotion of Gaelic-medium Education; 4 Gaelic amongst Schoolchildren: Ideas on Language Change and Linguistic Choices in Gaelic; 5 When School is Over and Done With: Linguistic Practices and Socio-demographic Profiles of Gaelic-medium Educated Adults6 New Speakers of Gaelic: A Historical and Policy Perspective; 7 Learning Gaelic in Adulthood: Second Language Learning in Minority Language Contexts; 8 Dlùth is Inneach: Charting Language Ideology in the Contemporary Gaelic World; 9 Gaelic Language Use in Public Domains; 10 Planning for Growth: The Professionalisation of the Taskforce for Gaelic Revitalisation; 11 Organisational Language Planning: Gaelic Language Plans in the Public Sector…”
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Table of Contents: “…/ Geeta Kothari -- Bad blood / Geraldine Kudaka -- The faintest echo of our language / Chang-Rae Lee -- The winged seed / Li-Young Lee -- Winterblossom garden / David Low -- The internment of desire / David Mura -- A taste of home / Nguyen Qúi-́Duc -- Mother tongue / Amy Tan -- A little momento from the boys / John Yau…”

Table of Contents: “…Baird -- Social contact and linguistic convergence : the reduction of intervocalic /d/ in Bilwi, Nicaragua / Whitney Chappell -- A preliminary, descriptive survey of rhotic and approximant fricativization in Northern Ecuadorian Andean Spanish varieties, Quichua, and Media Lengua / Jesse Stewart -- Intervocalic phonemic stop realization in Amazonian Peru : the case of Yagua Spanish / Nicholas Henriksen, Stephen Fafulas and Erin O'Rourke -- Rhotics in Shipibo-Konibo Spanish : a phonetic study / Jose Alberto Elias-Ulloa -- Afro-Peruvian Spanish intonation : a case of contact-induced language change / Brianna Butera, Rajiv Rao and Sandro Sessarego -- The glottal stop in Guaraní and Paraguayan Spanish / Shaw Nicholas Gynan and Ernesto Luís López Almada -- The interaction of social factors in the acoustically gradient realization of intervocalic /d/ in Border Uruguayan Spanish / Mark Waltermire and Michael Gradoville -- Exploring focus extension in Mapudungun and Chilean Spanish intonational plateaus : the case for pragmatic transfer through language contact / Brandon M.A. …”
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Table of Contents: “…Cover -- Front Matter -- Half Title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Preface -- Chapter Int-null -- Introduction -- Parameters -- Context -- Sources -- Methodology -- Chapter 1 The Meanings of Alien -- Noun -- Adjective -- Other uses -- Samuel Johnson -- Modern dictionaries -- Legal concept -- Language change -- English before 1841 -- British English -- Chapter 2 Quantitative Analysis of the Use of Alien -- Census reports -- British English literature -- Parliamentary record and pamphlets -- Newspapers -- Chapter 3 Qualitative Analysis of the Use of Alien…”
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Table of Contents: “…Clarke -- The Queen in exile: representing Margaret of Anjou in art and literature / Frederick Hepburn -- The presence of the past: the Bokkyngs of Longham in the later middle ages / Anthony Smith -- The end of the statute rolls: manuscript, print and language change in fifteenth-century English statutes / Dean Rowland -- Divide and rule? …”
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Table of Contents: “…4 Reading Between the Lines: Silences and Double Language in Xavier Benguerel's El testamentThe endless night of Xavier Benguerel: challenging the critical reception of El testament; From the 1955 to the 1967 text: empowering the reader; 5 Chronotope and Language Change in Arbó's Tino Costa; Realist versus mythical discourse in the 1968 version; Disempowering the narrative voice: class, religion and social change in Tino Costa; 6 The Undercurrents of History: Memory, Language and Fiction in Joan Sales's Incerta glòria.…”
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Table of Contents: “…A multilingual world, medieval attitudes toward language change and variation -- pt. 2: lecture 13. The return of English as a standard ; lecture 14. …”

Table of Contents: “…Language isolates -- 54. Language change -- 55. Pidgins and creoles -- X. Language in the world -- 56. …”

Table of Contents: “…2.4.2.3 The Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES) -- 2.4.2.4 The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) -- 2.4.2.5 The Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) -- 2.4.2.6 The Peking University Corpus of the Center for Chinese Linguistics (PKU-CCL) -- 2.4.2.7 The Lancaster University Mandarin Corpus (LCMC) -- 2.4.2.8 The Tager-Flusberg Corpus: ASD -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Part II -- 3 Social Cognition in a Usage-Based Model of Language Change: From Immediate (I-I) to Extended Intersubjectification (E-I) -- 3.1 Intersubjectification in World Languages…”
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Table of Contents: “…. -- The linguistic representation of women and men -- Marlis Hellinger and Hadumond Bussman -- Shifting sands: Language and gender in Moroccan Arabic / Atiqa Hachimi -- Belizean Creole: gender, creole, and the role of women in language change / Genevieve Escure -- Communicating gender in the Easter Maroon Creole of Suriname / Bettina Migge -- English -- gender in a global language / Marlis Hellinger -- A corpus-based view of gender in New Zealand / Janet Holmes -- Spreading the feminist work: the case of the new courtesy title Ms in Australian english / Anne Pauwels -- A corpus-based view of gender in British and American english / Suzanne Romaine -- Gender switch in modern Hebrew / Yishai Tobin -- Gender in Javanes Indonesian / Esther Kuntjara -- Deconstructing gender -- The case of Romanian / fForence Maurice -- Doing gender in Russian: structure and perspective / ursula Doleschal and Sonja Schmid -- The communication of gender in turkish / Friederike Braun.…”

Table of Contents: “…Intro -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The present perfect and the preterite in the history of English -- 1.2 Approach, methodology, and data -- 1.3 General theoretical background -- 1.3.1 A usage-based perspective on language -- 1.3.2 Lectal variation and language change -- 1.4 Overview of the present work -- Chapter 2 Conceptual framework -- 2.1 Conceptual preliminaries -- 2.1.1 Tense and aspect -- 2.1.2 Situation type -- 2.1.3 The semantics-pragmatics interface -- 2.2 An integrated framework -- 2.2.1 The Reichenbachian system of tenses -- 2.2.2 Current relevance reexamined…”
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Table of Contents: “…Katheryn Josserand -- An example of cognitive-semantic processes in language change / Mary Ritchie Key -- La estructura de la clausura en un discurso político / Juan M. …”
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Table of Contents: “…-- 1.2 The politics of different ways of speaking -- 1.3 The politics of talking to others -- 1.4 The politics of what 'the language' is -- 1.5 The politics of which language to speak -- 1.6 The politics of policing the language -- 1.7 Language, thought and politicians -- 1.8 Language and choice -- 1.9 Conclusion: Language is political from top to bottom -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Language and nation -- 2.1 Them and us -- 2.2 What is or isn't 'a language' -- 2.3 The role of writing -- 2.4 Constructing 'the language' by controlling variation -- 2.5 Language, knowledge and power -- 2.6 How new languages emerge: From 'falling standards' to 'World Englishes' -- 2.7 Oppression and identity -- Suggested further reading -- Notes -- Chapter 3: The social politics of language choice and linguistic correctness -- 3.1 Hearers as speakers -- 3.2 The denial of heteroglossia -- 3.3 The role of education -- 3.4 Linguistic imperialism -- 3.5 Language rights -- 3.6 The linguistic performance of minority identities -- Suggested further reading -- Notes -- Chapter 4: Politics embedded in language -- 4.1 Struggle in the sign -- 4.2 Struggle in interaction -- 4.3 Deferential address -- 4.4 Gendered language -- 4.5 'Powerless' language -- 4.6 The politics of language change -- Suggested further reading -- Notes -- Chapter 5: Taboo language and its restriction -- 5.1 Swearing -- 5.2 The language police state -- 5.3 The politics of (self- )censorship -- 5.4 Hate speech -- 5.5 The right to hear no evil? …”
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Table of Contents: “…Changing local governance, changing citizens: introduction -- Introduction -- Changing language, changing practice? -- The practice of citizenship -- Changing local governance -- The missing citizen -- Renegotiating citizenship? …”
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