Organic agriculture in the United States : program and policy issues /
Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) in 1990 as part of a larger law governing U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs from 1990 through 1996 (P.L. 101-624, the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990). The act authorized the creation of a National Organic Pr...
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| Corporate Author: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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[Washington, D.C.] :
Congressional Research Service,
2008.
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| Series: | CRS report.
CRS report for Congress ; RL31595. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to this title via the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) website |
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| 520 | |a Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) in 1990 as part of a larger law governing U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs from 1990 through 1996 (P.L. 101-624, the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990). The act authorized the creation of a National Organic Program (NOP) within USDA to establish standards for producers and processors of organic foods, and permit such operations to label their products with a "USDA Organic" seal after being officially certified by USDA-accredited agents. The purpose of the program... is to give consumers confidence in the legitimacy of products sold as organic, permit legal action against those who use the term fraudulently, increase the supply and variety of available organic products, and facilitate international trade in organic products. Policy issues affecting the National Organic Program since implementation largely reflect the differences in interpretation among stakeholders of the language and intent of OFPA and the actual operation of the program under the final rule. The NOP was challenged in 2003 by a lawsuit claiming that many of the regulations were more lenient than the original statute permitted. A resulting court order issued in June 2005 required USDA to rewrite regulations concerning the use of certain synthetic ingredients in organic-labeled foods and the conversion of dairy herds to organic production. Subsequently, conferees on the FY2006 USDA appropriations bill attached a provision that amended the OFPA in a way that largely permits the regulations on synthetics to stand as they were before the court decision. USDA published the final rule reflecting both the court order and the OFPA amendments in June 2006. A related issue concerns USDA's efforts to write a new regulation governing access to pasture for organic dairy cows (and other ruminants). Tight supplies of certain organic commodities, particularly dairy products, and the entry into the market of major grocery retailers wanting to sell organic foods are adding pressure to this debate. Critics charge that large organic dairy operations are not abiding by the intent of OFPA by feeding organic grain to cows in feedlots, and that the principle of grazing is central to consumers' concept of organic milk. Supporters of existing regulations point to the need for flexibility in order to maintain an organic dairy sector that can meet growing demand. Several provisions affecting organic agriculture and the NOP are included in the House- and Senate-passed versions of the 2008 farm bill (H.R. 2419). Among the provisions likely to appear in the final bill are a cost-sharing and technical assistance program to help farmers and processors convert from conventional to organic production; reauthorization of the cost-share program to help producers, handlers, and processors obtain certification under the NOP; mandatory funding for improved data collection and analysis on the organic sector; and increased mandatory funding to support the organic agriculture research and extension initiative. | ||
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